Mechanical movement



w. CALLENDER MECHANICAL MOVEMENT l lom, 13, 1942.r

Fnac; sept. 1v, 1941 NN Y it nitented Oct. 13, 1942 MECHANICAL MOVEMENT William L. Callender, Washington, D. C., assigner 1 oi' one-third to Florian F. Mack, Takoma Park,

vMd., and one-third to Hayden S. Garber, Washington, D. C.

Application September 1'7, 1941, Serial No. 411,210

(o1. 'J4-z5) Claims.

This invention relates to a mechanical movement and more particularly is directed to conversion of rotary to lineal movement, or vice versa. Itis likewise capable of converting rotary movement of one element into rotary movement oi its coperating element,- and while, for the sake of simplicity, I have illustrated only conversionof rotary to reciprocating or lineal movement, it is to be understood that the invention embraces broadly the conversion of one movenient to another with provision for accelerating and/or decelerating the speed of motion ofthe driven element, or in other words, varying the ratio of velocities between driving and driven elements.

lit is well known that the surface speed oi the periphery of a rotating wheel ordisc is higher than. that of its hub since the greater the circle oi revolution, the more surface passes a iixed point in the same amount of time. By utilizing this principle the present invention provides in a very simple, inexpensive and reliable manner,

means for causing anacceleration or deceleration or misplaced since only a driving and adrivenA elementare employed, each of which consists oi an integral unitary structure.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, said invention, then, consists 'oi' the elements hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims; the annexed drawing and the following description setting iorth in detail certain structure embodying the invention, such disclosed elements constituting,

- however, but one oi various structural forms in which'the principle of the invention may be used.

in the annexed drawing:

, ligure l is a side elevation with a rotary element shown in 'solid lines in such position that it would impart minimum linear velocity toits cooperating element, Vand the rotary element is man shown 'in donano-dash unes in the posi- 55 tion where it would impart maximum linearvelocity to the driven element. n Y y Y Figs. 2, 3 and V4 are enlarged sectional views along the lines 2 2, 3`3 and 44, respectively, of )ig.,l. f I l Figs. 5, 6 and 7 correspond to Figs. 2, `3 and 4, respectively, but with the driven element shown in various positions it will assume relative tothe -airis of rotation of the rotary element as it moves progressively from a Vposition of minimum Avelocity to the position of maximum velocity.

Figs. 8 and 9 are views corresponding to Figs. 5 and 7, respectively, showing another adaptation of my invention;

Referring more particularly to the drawing, the invention embodies a rotary driving member III and a driven member ll but itis to be clearly understood that the operation of the members may be reversed so that the member IImoves in a lineal path to impart rotary motion to the member In. However, for the sake of clarity the members I0 andII will be called driving and drivenf members, respectively, throughout this description.

The driving member Ill is shown as a rotary member in the form of a wheel, or pulley, carried by a shaft I2 which' may be connected to a suitable source of power. The wheel I2 is shown as composed of Vtwo discs I3 and I4 carrying opposed conical faces I5 and I6 diverging from each other from the shaft outwardly to the peripheries of the discs. `By this construction an outwardly opening V groove I1 tween the discs I3 and I4.

The particular construction of the wheel or pulley 'I0 as above described is not essential to carrying out my'invention nor is it necessary that the groove between the discs I3 and I4 be strictly is formed be- AV-shaped. For instance, the pulley may be solid with a groove cut or otherwise formed in its periphery and the groove may take Vany shape so long as it presents to the driven member Il, opposed, substantially conical surfaces. vAs a matter of fact, a pulley with a U,shaped groove will function to produce the results of this invention, although to a more limited extent. v

The `driven member II is illustrated kin the form of a bar of metal or similar rigid material which is bent upon itself into channel shape in cross-section, with the legs IB and I9 spaced apart to a limited extent as shown in Fig. 2 to provide a narrow crest 20, and being progressively spread farther apart as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 to produce crests of Varying widths.

The bar II, therefore, varies in width and is progressively flattened out so that when the narrow part of the bar engages the driving pulley. the bar occupies a position nearest the shaft I2, or the center of the pulley III (Fig. 5) and the bar is propelled by the frictional engagement therebetween at .its lowest speed when the axis I2 is held inxed position. As movement of the bar II progresses relative to the pulley and due to the wideningA of the crests of the bar, it will assume the position as shown in Fig. 6, i. e., a position intermediate the shaft and periphery of the pulley, and further movement of the bar causes the same to ride on the conical faces I5 and I B adjacent the periphery of the pulley I0 at which time the bar travels at its highest rate of speed, since the surface speed of the pulley is highest at its periphery.

By reversing the members I0 and II it will be 'seen that reciprocation of the bar I2 will cause rotation of the pulley and that an accelerated or decelerated speed of rotation may be obtained based upon the same principle.

The broad concept, therefore, of the present invention, resides in associating a pulley or wheel having the periphery formed of oppositely inclined conical surfaces and a bar or rod in frictional engagement with the said surfaces, the bar having varying widths to engage the surfaces at different pointsbetween the center of rotation of the pulley and the periphery thereof so that by operating the driving member at uniform speed, acceleration and deceleration of movement of the driven member may nevertheless be obtained.

In the form shown the bar II is of sheet metal bent upon itself to the desired configuration but it is obvious that any rod or bar, whether hollow or solid, may be employed, so long as it is provided with varying widths to cause the same to move bodily laterally toward or away from the center of the pulley. l

It is likewise contemplated herein that the bar Il may be circular instead of straight in which event rotaryto-rotary conversion will be accomplished.

In Fig. 1 the pulley III shown in solid lines is shown engaging the narrowest part of the bar as shown in Fig. 5, whereas at the position indicated in dot-and-dash lines it engages the widest part as shown in Fig. '7. If the pulley in this instance is driven ata uniform angular velocity, with the bar stationary, and were sta ed at one end and were allowed to ride linearly along the bar, it would start at the lowest linear speed, gradually accelerating until the mid-point of the bar were reached (Fig. 7) when it would be travelling at maximum linear velocity, and it would then gradually decelerate in its linear velocity throughout the remainder of its travel along the bar. In this case the bar I I acts solely as a track.

As illustrated, the pulley in moving over the track will begin its lineal movement at its minimum. speed, gradually pick up speed until the widest part of the track has been reached and then be again reduced gradually to its minimum speed of travel on the track. Also, the bar II in the form shown, with the pulley in the form shown, cooperates to produce uniform acceleration and deceleration of speed of the linearly moving element. It is to be understood, however, that the above described operation is not all that is contemplated, because it is obvious that the track or rod cooperating with the V-pulley may be varied in width at any point throughout ments of wide and narrow portions depending upon the type and speed of motion and type and rate of acceleration and/or deceleration desired.

It is to be understood that the form of invention herewith shown and described. is to be taken as one example of the same, and that various changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit of my invention, or the scope of the subloined claims.

The conical faces of the discs I3 and Il may be provided with suitable frictional material such as rubber or the like or, of course, the bar I I may be coated with a frictional material.

In some cases it is found desirable to utilize springs such as 2l to force the bar into frictional engagement with the conical faces I5 and I6.

In the form shown in Figs. 8 and 9 the bar II is the same as already described but the wheel or pulley 22 in this case has its peripheral portion formed with conical faces 23 and 24 converging toward each other from the axis of rotation toward the periphery and meeting at the apex 25.

In this instance the legs I8 and I9 engage the wheel 22 instead of the crest 20 but due to the gradual spread of the legs, engagement of the conical faces 23 and 24 is effected at points varying between the center of rotation of the wheel 22 and the periphery thereof.

It is obvious that the operation of the device just described is the same as the form previously described and utilizes the same principle and that while the rod I I is shown as lying below the pulley I0 in Fig. l and above the wheel in Fig. 8, this can be changed to suit conditions as they arise.

I claim:

1. A mechanical movement comprising a driving element and a driven element, 'one of said elements comprising a wheel having the peripheral portion thereof presenting oppositely inclined, substantially conical faces, the other element comprising a bar engaging the conical faces and having the distance between its effective conical-face engaging portions varying at different portions throughout its length so that relative movement between said elements causes one of said elements to move bodily toward or away from the center of rotation of the other element.

2. A mechanical movement comprising a driving element and a driven element, one of said elements comprising a wheel having a groove in its periphery, said groove presenting opposed, substantially conical faces, the other element comprising a bar engaging the conical faces of said groove and having the distance between its eiectlve conical-face engaging portions varying at different portions throughout its length so that its length and that there may be various arrangerelative movement between said elements causes engagement therebetween at points varying between the center of rotation of the wheel and the periphery thereof. Y

3. A mechanical movement comprising a driving element and a driven element, one of said elements comprising a wheel having the peripheral portion thereof presenting oppositely inclined, substantially conical faces, the other element comprising a channel bar engaging the conical faces and having the distance between its effective conical-face engaging portions varying at diiferent portions throughout its length so that relative movement between said elements causes one of said elements to move bodily toward or away from the center of rotation of the other element.

4. A mechanical movement comprising a driving element and a driven element, one of said riphery thereof.

5. A mechanical movement comprising a driving element and a driven element, one of 'said elements comprising a wheel having a groove in its periphery, said*V groove presenting opposed, substantially conical faces, the other element ,comprising a channel bar engaging the conical faces of said groove and varying in width at different portions throughout its length lso that relative movement between said elements causes engagement therebetween at points varying between the center of rotation of the wheel and the periphery thereof.

6. A mechanical movement comprising a driving element and a driven element, one of said elements comprising a wheel having a groove in its periphery, said groove presenting opposed,

substantially conical faces, the other element comprising a `bar engaging the conical faces and having the legs of the channel spread varying distances apart so that relative movement be-.

tween said elements causes engagement therebetween at points varying between the center of rotation of the 7wheel and the periphery thereof.

7. A mechanical movement comprising a driving element and a driven element, one of said elements comprising a wheel having a peripheral legs of the U engaging the oppositely inclined conical surfaces, said bar having the legs spread varying distances apart throughout the length of the bar so that relative movement between saidelements effects engagement therebetween at points varying between the center of rotation o1' the wheel and the periphery thereof.`

8. A mechanical movement comprising a driving element and a driven element, one of said elements comprising a wheel having the peripheral portion thereof presenting oppositely in'- clined, substantially conical faces, the other elementr comprising a bar engaging the conical faces and varying in width at different portions .throughout its length so that relative movement l v.between said"elements causes one of said elements to move bodily toward or away from the center of rotation of the other element, and spring means for urging said elements into engagement with each other.

9. A mechanical movement comprising a driving element and a driven element, one of said elements comprising a wheel having the peripheral portion thereof presenting oppositely inclined, substantially conical faces, the other element comprising a member engaging the conical faces and having the distance between its eective conical-face engaging portions varying so that relative movement between the driving and driven elements produces acceleration or deceleration of speed of the driven element.

l0. A mechanical movement comprising a wheel having the peripheral portion thereof presenting oppositely inclined, substantially conical faces, a member engaging said conical faces and having the distance. between its effective conicalface engaging portions varying at different portions thereof so that relative movement between said wheel and member causes said member to engage the conical faces o! the wheel at varying distances from the axis of rotation of the wheel.

WILLIAM L. CALLENDER. 

